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The Social Cognitive Theory Developed By Albert Bandura

Advertisements in all forms of media and all across the globe, depict women in compromising and passive situations which can be dangerous too their personal safety. The Social Cognitive Theory developed by Albert Bandura says that â€Å"social behavior is learned and modeled through direct and vicarious observation, which includes observation of gender roles† (Prieler et al 28). A study conducted by Fransisco Pereira studied gender stereotyping in Spanish and Portuguese ads which showed that men are most commonly portraying dominant roles such as experts and interviewers, while women are not only much younger than their male costars, but promote products related to household chores and beauty products (277). Numerous studies are finding that depicting women in advertisements in submissive or stereotypical roles, the advertising industry is only aiding in societies perception of a woman’s lack of strength which can be dangerous to their safety. Francisco Pereira conducte d a study that aimed to show the difference of how men and women are portrayed in television advertisements. The study looked at 86 bath and body product commercials, and out of 86 commercials, 53 depicted women as the main character, whereas only 22 men were shown playing the same role (Pereira et al 282) . Pereira also looked at 27 household commercials, and women were the main character in 26 of them. The study ultimately found that gender stereotypes were closely connected with the products and their use.Show MoreRelatedLeadership And Learning : Organizational Learning1401 Words   |  6 Pages Jewon Na 11401132 â€Æ' Executive summary This report is to provide the ways in leadership and learning through organisational learning theories and examples of organisational, social and personal areas. 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Few experts believe that social or even biologically determined actions arise in isolation: they come about as a result of a variety of factors that may be located inside or outside of the subject, but eventually they come together in combination. It is this recognition that has formed the basis (at least in retrospect) for the long-lasting impact of Banduras social learning or now social cognitive theory of behav iorRead MoreBanduras Social Cognitive Theory1167 Words   |  5 PagesBandura’s Social-Cognitive Theory The social-cognitive theory proposed by Albert Bandura (1925- ) has become the most influential theory of learning and development. It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. This theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. 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Appraising an organisation’s environment Free Essays

Introduction The main aim of this paper is to present a proposal on the environmental scanning in the strategic management context. This proposal will demonstrate the main aims and objectives along with the background of the chosen organizationIt will further propose the rationale for the environmental scanning technique. The methodology section will explore the main tools, which will aid in the collection of the necessary data. We will write a custom essay sample on Appraising an organisation’s environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background It is proposed to analyse the charitable organization, which is based at Nottingham University, namely NUSA (Nottingham University Samworth Academy). This organization specializes in fundraising on the global scale (NUSA Official Website, 2012). The main unique selling point is attributed to the fact that this organization acknowledges the great power of social media and technology. This implies that the fundraising activities are maintained by means of social and interactive promotions. Additionally, this organization is using for – profit approach, which suggests that the fundraising activities generate revenue for NUSA (NUSA Official Website, 2012). Aim and Objectives The aim is identified in order to provide the guidelines for the research proposal (Saunders et al., 2009). The main aim of this proposal is to explore the benefits and disadvantages of the key environmental scanning techniques in the strategic management context. The smaller objectives include: To contrast and compare the environmental scanning techniques To identify the main environmental scanning technique that would be beneficial in the context of strategic planning and management To evaluate long term implications of the chosen environmental scanning technique Rationale There are different techniques available for environmental scanning. Environmental scanning is regarded to be the most important task prior to strategic planning and management. The chosen environmental scanning model for the purposes of this research , is based on the adherence to the main objectives related to environment evaluation. These objectives include the identification of the activities, the evaluation of the processes, the analysis of the information sharing process and investigation of information produced. As a result, the environmental scanning model is based on implementation of PESTEL analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, Internal Analysis and Consumers (refer to the below demonstrated model). This process is based on the utilization of both macro – and micro-environmental evaluations, namely PESTEL and SWOT analysis. PESTEL analysis is designed in order to identify the main external forces that may emerge and thus impact the organization (Johnson and Scholes, 2009). These forces, namely in the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal domains, are uncontrollable (Johnson and Scholes, 2009). Therefore, these have to be identified in order to be able to respond to their emergence from a strategic perspective. SWOT is a micro-level analysis, which serves as a foundation for identification of the future opportunities and threats for the company (Ip and Koo, 2004). Opportunistic matrix identifies the main activities that may be performed in relation to the identified findings in terms of the possible response (Ip and Koo, 2004). Porter’s Five Forces, is the key framework, which is utilized in order to identify the competitiveness of the organization within the industry. This is established with the help of the analysis of the influences of the main competitive forces, namely the power of buyers, the power of suppliers, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants and the degree of rivalry (Porter, 1985). The findings demonstrate the industry’s forces that are perceived to be weak therefore may be taken advantage of in the strategic context. Finally, the last stage of the environmental analysis aims to investigate the consumer behaviour and the key consumer trends. It is specifically focused on the identification of the patterns of consumer behaviour and consumer needs. It is maintained in order to apply the strategies that would affect the increase of customer satisfaction and further expansion of the target audience (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). The information sharing process is based on the implementation of the top down sharing approach. This implies that the information is transferred from the managerial levels to business and functional levels (Anderson, 2007). This enables quick ad facilitated information processing from the decision makers to the members of a functional level. Criticism of a Chosen Technique Despite the effectiveness and scope of the chosen technique, it is still subject to a certain degree of criticism. This implies that this framework does not incorporate the evaluation of the social impacts, which would be suitable, given the nature of the fundraising business (Becker, 2001). A PESTEL analysis mentions social impacts, whereas Opportunistic matrix involves evaluation of the societal forces (Correia and Wilson, 2001). On the other hand, this environmental scanning framework allows us to evaluate the company from the organization’s, industry’s and consumer perspectives, which adds the depth to the possible findings. Other than that, this model aims to identify the key trends that may emerge. As the result, based on the identified findings, the organization may plan future strategies that would aid in response to the possible trends. Even though, a PESTEL analysis tends to incorporate the risk analysis, much more advanced and in-depth risk evaluation might have been performed by IRGC (Model of Risk Governance) (Petts, 2008). However, given the scope of the framework and actual business, this analysis might have been perceived as too specialized. Porter’s Five Forces, is a beneficial model for industry’s investigation. However, it has been developed in relation to the idea that contemporary market is perfect. This is not true, therefore this framework fails to address some issues that would be applicable to the imperfect market. Methodology It is recommended to perform the analysis on the basis of integration of the secondary research. The main sources will be acquired from the academic and professional books and journals, databases , reports and news reports. The secondary research is regarded to be limited, since the material for it is collected and analysed at east 1-2 years prior to publication. Therefore, the sources may be regarded as obsolete and outdated (Saunders et al., 2009). Conclusion This paper, designed in the format of a proposal, has been produced in order to identify and evaluate the best environmental scanning model in the context of strategic management. The paper demonstrates the most suitable environmental scanning technique for the charitable organization, namely NUSA. This organization specializes in fundraising and is based at Nottingham University. The environmental scanning model consists of four main stages, namely PESTEL analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, SWOT analysis and Consumer Evaluation. This analysis is regarded to be multidimensional thus adding depth to the evaluation. Despite it being a quite effective framework, it still has attracted some criticism. This implies that there is lack of evaluation from the social perspective, given the nature of the fundraising business. Furthermore, larger focus should have been applied to the possible risks examination. Other than that, this framework proves to be beneficial and effective from the s trategic perspective. References Anderson, (2007), â€Å"Social networks and the cognitive motivation to realize network opportunities: a study of managers’ information gathering behaviours†, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, Vol.29,Iss.1, pp.51-78 Becker H. (2001), â€Å"Social Impact Assessment†, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.16, Iss.2, 311-321 Correia, Z. and Wilson, T.D. (2001), â€Å"Factors in?uencing environmental scanning in the organizational context†, Information Research, Vol. 7, Iss. 1, – Available at http://InformationR.net/ir/7-1/paper121.html, (Accessed on 21st November, 2012) Ip, Y.K. and Koo, L.C. (2004), â€Å"BSQ strategic formulation framework: a hybrid of balanced scorecard, SWOT analysis and quality function deployment†, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 533–543. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R., (2009), Fundamentals of Strategy, p.102, London: Prentice Hall Kotler P., Armstrong G., (2010), Principles of Marketing, 13th ed., Pearson: USA NUSA Official Website (2012), â€Å"NUSA’s Mamelodi Fundraising Page†, Available: http://www.justgiving.com/NUSAMamelodiFundraising/ (Accessed on 2ast November 2012) Petts J., (2008), â€Å"Public engagement to build trust: false hopes?† , Journal of Risk Research, Vol.11, Iss.6, 811-832 Porter, M.E., (1985), Competitive Advantage, Free Press: New York Saunders, M.N.K., Lewis, P., and Thornhill, A. (2009), Research Methods for Business Students, 5th ed., Prentice Hall: UK How to cite Appraising an organisation’s environment, Essay examples

Imagination - Values - and Emotion

Question: How has your study of this artifact contributed to your understanding of the humanities? Answer: Style/ movement or period of time and date: The music takes a surprising turn in 1975 towards conventional expression and lyricism. The musical composition is a melodious indeterminate piece for any loud sounding group of instruments. The genre of the music is anti-Germanic and anti-Romantic, which marks an exit from Post War European Serialism and its offshoots (Boosey.com. 2016). The Location and Culture Origin: The impulse of postmodern impulse about classical music rose in the 1960s with the introduction of musical minimalism. The music experts of the postmodern era reacted to the perceived elitism and dissonant sound of atonal academic modernism with simpler music textures and consonant harmonies. The relevance of the artifact, while building a stronger understanding of postmodern period The musical composition display experimentalist preoccupation, which is intentionally anti-romantic by nature. The artifact stresses on freedom of expression and Eclecticism, in response to the rigid and artistic limitations of modernism, which was a hallmark for postmodern period. Contribution of the artifact towards humanity As the name of the artifact states, postmodernist movement formed partially in response to the ideals of modernism, but in reality, the artifact has to do much with the functionality and the impact of globalization, than it is with a particular reaction, movement or approach towards humanity (Wolfe 2014). Considering some of the relationships Humanity is a key aspect that reflects the nature of a human being. If a person is not a good human being then no one can progress in his or her personal life. Humanity reflects directly on the works of any human being. The real practice of humanity in personal life would inject happiness in an individuals life. Value of Humanity My value towards humanity finds its application under three sections: Respecting Life Respecting the rights of every individual, accepting personal value and cherishing individual right to life Protecting Dignity Protecting the intrinsic value of every individual and living with mutual respect amongst each other Caring for the Needy To have a heartfelt caring attitude References Boosey.com. (2016)Louis Andriessen [online] Available at: https://www.boosey.com/composer/Louis+Andriessen [Accessed 14 Mar. 2016]. Wolfe, C. (2014). Country Music in the Modern Era, 1940s-1970s.Ethnomusicology, 21(3), p.518